According to Monier-Williams, a majority of scholars consider it a solar symbol. The final ka is a common suffix that could have multiple meanings. The word swasti occurs frequently in the Vedas as well as in classical literature, meaning "health, luck, success, prosperity", and it was commonly used as a greeting. The word swastika is derived from the Sanskrit root swasti, which is composed of su 'good, well' and asti 'is it is there is'. Schliemann linked his findings to the Sanskrit swastika. An important early use of the word swastika in a European text was in 1871 with the publications of Heinrich Schliemann, who discovered more than 1,800 ancient samples of the swastika symbol and its variants while digging the Hisarlik mound near the Aegean Sea coast for the history of Troy. It was derived from the Sanskrit term ( Devanagari स्वस्तिक), which transliterates to svastika under the commonly used IAST transliteration system, but is pronounced closer to swastika when letters are used with their English values. It is alternatively spelled in contemporary texts as svastika, and other spellings were occasionally used in the 19th and early 20th century, such as suastika. The word was first recorded by the ancient linguist Pāṇini in his work Ashtadhyayi. The word swastika has been used in the Indian subcontinent since 500 BCE. 8.2.2 Western misinterpretation of Asian useĭrawing of a swastika on the Snoldelev Stone (9th century).7.3.7 Swastika as distinct from hakenkreuz debate.7.3.3 Attempted ban in the European Union.7.3.2 Legislation in other European countries.Reverence for the swastika symbol in Asian cultures, in contrast to the stigma attached to it in the West, has led to misinterpretations and misunderstandings. In Chinese it is called 卍字 ( wànzì) meaning "all things symbol", pronounced manji in Japanese, manja (만자) in Korean and vạn tự / chữ vạn in Vietnamese. In Mongolian it is called Хас ( khas) and mainly used in seals. In various European languages, it is known as the fylfot, gammadion, tetraskelion, or cross cramponnée (a term in Anglo-Norman heraldry) German: Hakenkreuz French: croix gammée Italian: croce uncinata Latvian: ugunskrusts. The symbol is found in the archeological remains of the Indus Valley Civilisation and Samarra, as well as in early Byzantine and Christian artwork. In several major Indo-European religions, the swastika symbolises lightning bolts, representing the thunder god and the king of the gods, such as Indra in Vedic Hinduism, Zeus in the ancient Greek religion, Jupiter in the ancient Roman religion, and Thor in the ancient Germanic religion. In Jain symbolism, it represents Suparshvanatha – the seventh of 24 Tirthankaras ( spiritual teachers and saviours), while in Buddhist symbolism it represents the auspicious footprints of the Buddha. In Hinduism, the right-facing symbol (clockwise) ( 卐) is called swastika, symbolizing surya ("sun"), prosperity and good luck, while the left-facing symbol (counter-clockwise) ( 卍) is called sauwastika, symbolising night or tantric aspects of Kali. The word swastika comes from Sanskrit: स्वस्तिक, romanized: svastika, meaning "conducive to well-being". It is also commonly used in Hindu marriage ceremonies and Diwali celebrations. However, the swastika remains a symbol of good luck and prosperity in Hindu, Buddhist and Jain countries such as Nepal, India, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, China and Japan. As a consequence, its use in some countries, including Germany, is prohibited by law. As a result of World War II and the Holocaust, in the West it continues to be strongly associated with Nazism, antisemitism, white supremacism, or simply evil. In the Western world, it was a symbol of auspiciousness and good luck until the 1930s when the German Nazi Party adopted a right-facing ('clockwise') form and used it as an emblem of the Aryan race. It generally takes the form of a cross, the arms of which are of equal length and perpendicular to the adjacent arms, each bent midway at a right angle. It continues to be used as a symbol of divinity and spirituality in Indic religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. The swastika symbol, 卐 or 卍, is an ancient religious symbol in various Eurasian cultures, now also widely recognized for its appropriation by the Nazi Party and by neo-Nazis. The adoption of the swastika by the Nazis and neo-Nazis is the most recognisable modern use of the symbol in the Western world.
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